MG1655 F9 biofilm (C) to that of both monospecific 55989a biofilm (P) and “selfmixed” biofilm, in which MG1655 F9 commensal biofilm was colonized alone (CC). Comparison of monospecific biofilm (P/C), indicated that, among genes typical to both strains, 545 exhibited differingPLOS A single | www.plosone.orgColonization Resistance in E. coli BiofilmsFigure 1. Identification of colonization resistance factors interfering with establishment of mixed pathogen/commensal biofilm. A Experimental setup: continuous flow biofilm growth in microfermentor. Just after initial inoculation on the microfermentor with E. coli MG1655 F9 commensal (C), biofilm develops for 6 h prior to reinoculation (colonization) with exogenous pathogen E. coli 55989a (P). At 24 h postcolonization, mixed biofilm building around the glass slide was resuspended and applied for gene expression evaluation and determination of colonization phenotype ( of pathogens inside the mixed biofilm). B Microfermentors have been inoculated with wildtype or mutant commensal (MG1655 F9 is abbreviated as MG) as indicated in the xaxis. Soon after 6 h of development, commensal biofilm was reinoculated (colonized) with all the 55989a (P). Colonization phenotype of each and every mixed biofilm was estimated and results are represented as ratio of colonization level in CmutantP mixed biofilms when compared with wildtype CP mixed biofilms. Black bar represents wildtype colonization level in CP mixed biofilms arbitrarily set to one. White bars represent colonization level of CmutantP mixed biofilms.4-Hydroxy-3-methylbenzaldehyde Chemscene Final results are averages of at least six replicates six regular deviation on the mean.76271-74-4 structure Stars indicate mutant mixed biofilm having a colonization level considerably unique from that of wildtype CP mixed biofilm, p,0.PMID:23916866 01. doi:ten.1371/journal.pone.0061628.ga cofactor expected for synthesis of colanic acid, capsular polysaccharide and curli synthesis in E. coli [37,38]; stfE encodes a putative tail protein homolog from lambdoid prophage e14 and yiaF encodes a 25.six kDa inner membrane protein exhibiting patchy distribution with polar and septal bias [39]. The improved pathogen colonization phenotype obtained for the 5 mutants correlated using a slight decrease in commensalPLOS 1 | www.plosone.orgbacteria cfu in mixed CP biofilm (1.5fold typical for the rcsA, stfE, yliE and ypjC mutants and 2.3fold for the yiaF mutant), related having a 2fold improve in pathogen cfu. Having said that, estimation of bacterial cfu constituting the biofilm of MG1655 F9 yiaF, stfE and yliE mutants in the time of infection (6H) showed no considerable difference from wildtype MG1655 F9, indicating that the increased 55989a pathogen colonization phenotype obtainedColonization Resistance in E. coli BiofilmsTable two. Summary of transcriptome analyses performed on biofilms colonized by unique exogenous bacteria.ConditionsNumber of genes repressed or overexpressede Total two fold 163Functional categories (COG) ( of total number) Facts storage Cellular and processing processes 22.4 16.7 21.three 19.9 Metabolism 21.1 28.two Unknownf 35.2 35.P/CaRepressed Overexpressed All389 156 545 185 161 346 109 220 329 61 108CC/CbRepressed Overexpressed All6014.1 14.12.4 21.19.five 42.54 21.CP/CcRepressed Overexpressed All414.7 12.18.3 23.22.9 38.44 25.CP/CCdRepressed Overexpressed All121.3 15.9.8 16.26.2 33.42.six 34.: Monospecies pathogen E. coli 55989a biofilm (P) versus monospecies commensal E. coli K12 MG1655 F9 (C): comparison. : Commensal biofilm infected by identical commensal bacteria (CC) versus monospecies com.
