Nonsignificant quadratic terms. Response surface plots (Figures four(a)?(n)) summarized considerable response surface contributions from distinct reaction parameters for the optimized production of palm oil biodiesel. Response surface plots (Figures 4(a)?(e)), displaying the impact of diverse reaction parameters around the yield POFAMEs, depicted that, for a rise in levels of catalyst (NaOH) concentration as much as 0.5 , methanol to oil molar ratio as much as 7.5 : 1, reaction time as much as 75 minutes, and reaction temperature up to 52.5 C, the conversion of palm oil to palm oil fatty acid methyl esters elevated and reached to maximum value, whereas beyond these levels of reaction parameters a decreasing trend in yield of POFAMEs was observed. Impact of important initial order interaction amongst catalyst (KOH) concentration and methanol to oil molar ratio (Figure 4(f)) depicted highest POFAMEs whilst performing base catalyzed transesterification reactions of palm oil to palm oil biodiesel making use of 0.75 KOH concentration and six : 1 methanol to oil molar ratio. Higher yield of POFAMEs was procured through KOH catalyzed transesterification of palmThe Scientific World Journal oil employing higher KOH concentration comparative to NaOH catalyzed reactions. Similarly, effect of considerable initial order interactions was also ascertained by the response surface plots (Figures 4(g)-4(h)), showing the impact of reaction time and reaction temperature, catalyst concentration and reaction time on NaOCH3 catalyzed transesterification of palm oil for optimized production of POFAME’s; the response surface plots depicted that maximum POFAME’s yield was accomplished when transesterification of palm oil was performed employing NaOCH3 , that is definitely, 0.278183-12-3 custom synthesis 75 for any time period of 90 minutes at 45 C, whereas beyond these levels lesser POFAME’s yield was observed.2649788-76-9 uses Response surface plots (Figures 4(i)?(k)) depicting significant contributions of 1st order interactions for enzyme (A.PMID:24179643 n. lipase) catalyzed transesterification of palm oil revealed that maximum POFAMEs yield was received by performing enzyme catalyzed transesterification of palm oil applying 1.25 A.n. lipase concentration and methanol to oil molar ratio 9 : 1 for a time period of 96 hours at 30.0 C, whereas above and beneath these levels a decrease in POFAMEs yield was observed. On the other hand, when NOVOZYME-435 was applied as an alternative of immobilized A.n. lipase, the significant initial order responses, shown in response surface plots (Figures four(l)?four(n)), revealed that maximum POFAMEs yield was procured utilizing NOVOZYME-435 concentration, methanol to oil molar ratio, reaction time, and reaction temperature, that is definitely, 1.0 , 6 : 1, 60 hours, and 32.five C, respectively. The POFAMEs yield accomplished via NOVOZYME-435 catalyzed transesterification of palm oil was ascertained to become larger comparative to A.n. lipase catalyzed transesterification of palm oil. 3.7. Palm Oil Biodiesel Composition. Significant fatty acid methyl esters profile of palm oil fatty acid methyl esters (POFAME) was revealed to consist of myristic acid methyl esters (C14:0), palmitic acid methyl esters (C16:0), palmitoleic acid methyl esters (C16:1), stearic acid methyl esters (C18:0), oleic acid methyl esters (C18:1), linoleic acid methyl esters (C18:2), and linolenic acid methyl esters (C18:3) with compositions 1.40, 41.five, 0.20, 3.90, 38.6, 10.six and 1.09 , respectively (Table 5). Palmitic acid methyl esters, oleic acid methyl esters, and linoleic acid methyl esters estimated in present st.